The following game is a classic example of Combinatorial Game Theory:
Two players start with a strip of n white squares and they take alternate turns.
On each turn, a player picks two contiguous white squares and paints them black.
The first player who cannot make a move loses.
So, for 1 n
5, there are 3 values of n for which the first player can force a win.
Similarly, for 1 n
50, there are 40 values of n for which the first player can force a win.
For 1 n
1 000 000, how many values of n are there for which the first player can force a win?
These problems are part of Project Euler and are licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK